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Mammography-
Breast cancer is
one of the commonest cancers in all women. It is estimated
that 5 out of every 100 women in India suffer from Cancer of
the Breast. Though it becomes more common as one grows older,
women of all ages are susceptible.
One is at a higher risk if
a) Anyone is the family has had breast cancer or ovarian
cancer.
b) If one has had first baby after 30 years of age.
c) If one started menstruating before 13 years of age.
d) If one continues menstruating after 50 years of age.
e) If previous mammograms showed any abnormality.
f) If one has very lumpy breasts. |
Screening Mammography-
Breast cancer is curable if it is detected early and has not
spread to other parts of the body. Screening mammography is the
key to early detection. It can detect breast cancer even before it
can be felt
As per International Guidelines Mammography should be done in
every woman beginning at age 40 years.
Modern Mammography is safe and effective. With current
equipment, the radiation dose of a two view screening mammogram is
extremely low.
Diagnostic Mammography-
One needs to take a mammogram, if one notices changes in her
breasts such as
a) A lump
b) Thickening of skin
c) Retraction of nipple
d) Nipple discharge
e) Pain
A ultrasound examination may also be done when the nature of the
lump cannot be determined by mammography alone.
WHAT HAPPENS DURING THE MAMMOGRAPHY
A Mammography is an X-ray of the breast. On the day of the
Mammogram one should not use a deodorant or powder on the breasts
or underarms. The Mammogram will be performed by a specially
trained female radiographer or the doctor.
Two views of each breast are obtained and after the mammograms are
checked, a sonography may be performed, if required. After the
films are checked the lady can leave. Prior mammograms need to be
got along for comparison.
It is important to remember that the breast is compressed to get a
good x-ray and this could give rise to mild discomfort. In case
you have pain or tenderness during your periods, it would be
advisable to do this test about 7-10 days after your periods, to
reduce the discomfort.
In case any other procedures like needle location or fine needle
aspiration is required, they can also be performed.
BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION (BSE)
This is a simple technique by which every woman above 18-20
years can take an active part in observing changes in her breast
suggestive of breast cancer. Ideally it should be performed once a
month, a week or so after her periods. If she’s post-menopausal of
has irregular periods, the examination could be done at the
beginning of the month on a fixed day. Perhaps it could be done in
the privacy of her bedroom or whilst bathing when the soapy feel
of the body makes it convenient for examination.
Three step procedure for Breast Self Examination-
1. Lying Down
Place a pillow under right shoulder. Put right hand under the
head. Check entire breast area with the finger pads (not tips) of
left hand. Use small circles and follow an up and down pattern.
Use light, medium and firm pressure over each area of breast.
Gently squeeze the nipple for any discharge. Repeat these steps on
the left breast.
2. Before a mirror
Check of any change in the shape or look of breasts. Observe
for any skin or nipple changes such as dimpling or nipple
discharge. Inspect breast in four steps: arms at side, arms
overhead, hands on hips pressing firmly to flex the chest muscles
and bending forward.
3. In the shower
Raise the right arm. With soapy hands and flat fingers check
right breast. Use the method described in the “Lying down” step.
Repeat on the left breast.
If a lump, dimple or discharge is found during BSE, it is
important to see a doctor as soon as possible. Don’t be
frightened. Most breast lumps or changes are not cancer, and can
be non-cancerous changes. But it is important to consult your
doctor as only a trained specialist can make the diagnosis.
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